How to do mango orchard
Mango cultivation is increasing. Therefore, modern production techniques are needed to produce quality mangoes. Mango growers need to know how to select land, planting distance, hole making and fertilizer application, planting method, planting time, variety selection, seedling selection, seedling planting and seedling care. Due to soil and weather, not all varieties of mango are grown in all districts of the country. Mango requires soil acidity 5.5-6.0.
It is often seen that Fazli, Langra, Khirsapat and Ashwina varieties are good in many districts of hilly and Barisal divisions. So it has to be considered whether the desired variety will be in the selected place. Deep, well-drained, fertile loamy soil is good for mango cultivation. High or medium elevation lands where water does not stand in the rainy season should be selected. The land should be leveled and weeded several times with tillage and ladder. Planting distance depends on the variety of mango. If it is a fast growing mango variety or a large tree, it should be planted at a distance of 12 meters or about 40 feet.
If trees are planted at this distance, about 9 trees can be planted on one bigha of land. Medium sized trees can be planted at a distance of 10 meters or 35 feet and 13 trees can be planted on one bigha of land if the distance is followed. Short size varieties like Bari Mango-3 (Amrapali) can be planted at a distance of 6-7 meters and if this distance is followed, about 20-26 trees can be planted in one bigha of land. Planting distance of mango tree by variety is 6 × 6 m; It is up to 10 × 10 m and 12 × 12 m.
Whether the seedlings are planted in a square, rectangular, triangular or hexagonal manner, the place of planting should be marked and a hole should be made in it before the onset of monsoon. Generally in May-June, holes should be made in length, width and depth of 75-100 cm. When making a hole, the soil of the upper half of the hole should be placed on one side and the soil of the lower part on the other side. After removing the soil from the hole, the hole should be dried in the sun for 10 days.
Then fill the hole by mixing 10 kg dung manure, 500 g TSP, 250 g MP, 250 g gypsum, 50 g zinc sulphate and 10 g boric acid with the top part of the soil. If the hole is not filled with the soil of the upper half while filling the hole, the upper soil should be given to the hole from the side if necessary. However, the bottom of the hole cannot be filled with soil.
The desired yield is obtained by planting healthy and disease free seedlings. For planting, seedlings with 2-3 stalks of 4-5 feet height should be selected. 2-3 year old crack / veneer seedlings are good for planting in the garden. After 10-15 days of filling the hole, the soil of the hole should be reversed and the seedling should be planted in the middle of the hole and then the roots of the tree should be slightly pressed with the soil around it. When planting seedlings, care should be taken to ensure that the root ball of the seedling does not break and the seedling root does not penetrate into the excess soil.
After planting, the seedlings should be tied to the poles. It is better to plant seedlings / cuttings in the afternoon. If there is no rain after planting, irrigation should be given for a few days. When new leaves emerge on the tree, leafy weevils can attack. The female lays her eggs on both sides of the midrib on the lower back of the young leaves.
Later, the female insect lays her eggs near the stem of the leaf. Eventually the tree becomes leafless. The cut young leaves should be collected from the soil and burnt. After 7 days and 12 days after emergence of young leaves, spray 2 gms of sevin or any pesticide in the prescribed dose per liter of water to control insects.
For marketing, it is necessary to know which variety of mango is in high demand, good quality and high market price. Our country has several excellent quality mango varieties (Langra, Khirsapat, Himsagar, Fazli, Gopal Vhog and Bombay). Although they are not colorful, they are in high demand in the local market.
But exporting these varieties abroad will not make much profit. Because the demand for colorful and light sweet mango is high in foreign markets. Bari Mango-2 and Bari Mango-6 varieties are suitable for this purpose. However, the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute has developed several varieties that are able to bear fruit every year. The varieties are Bari Mango-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6. Gardening with this variety of seedlings can be beneficial along with good yield.
Early care of mango orchards
Mango is one of the 60 commercially grown fruits in Bangladesh. Although mango is cultivated in 40 percent of the total fruit growing land, its extent is increasing day by day. However, the yield varies in different regions. For example, in Chapainawabganj, Rajshahi, mango yield is higher than other regions. With a little care at different stages of production, the yield can be multiplied several times. And so you have to take care after collecting mangoes. Diseased and dead stalks should be cut with a little good part after the season.
The stalks should be pruned in such a way that sunlight can reach the inside of the tree. The inward branch of the tree does not usually bear fruit, so such branches should be cut off. During the rainy season, new shoots sprout forth from the cuttings, and the following year the new shoots sprout forth. One thing to keep in mind is that if the dagger is not 5 to 6 months old, the dagger usually does not flower. The idea of how much a tree can produce next year is available in August. The more new tips the tree grows during this time, the better.
Emphasis should be given on the application of fertilizers in mango orchards. The amount of fertilizer to be given to each tree per year depends on the quality of the soil. As the trees grow, so does the demand for fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer is given according to the year-
Dung manure should be applied 20 years after 1 year of planting, 25 years after 2 years of planting, 5 kg should be increased every year and 125 kg should be applied for 20 years and above. Thus urea should be applied 250 gm after 1 year of planting, 365 gm after 2 years of planting, 125 and 2650 gm every year for 20 years and above. TSP should be applied 100 years after 1 year of planting, 200 years after 2 years of planting, 100 per year and 2150 grams for 20 years and above.
100 after 1 year of MP planting, 200 after 2 years of planting, 100 should be increased every year and 2100 gm should be applied for 20 years and above. Gypsum should be applied 100 gm after 1 year of planting, 185 gm after 2 years of planting, 75 gm every year and 1600 gm for 20 years and above. Zinc sulphate should be applied 10 gm after 1 year of planting, 15 gm after 2 years of planting, 5 gm per year and 110 gm for 20 years and above. Boric acid should be applied 5 years after 1 year of planting, 6 years after 2 years of planting, 2 times per year and 50 grams per 20 years and above.
It is better to apply all the fertilizers in two installments. The first half is before the monsoon and the rest in the month of Ashwin i.e. after the monsoon. If a mango farmer does not apply the fertilizer of the first installment, then the entire fertilizer of the demand has to be applied during the second installment. Many mango growers apply fertilizer after collecting Fazli and Ashwina mangoes from the garden which is not scientific at all.
At a distance of 2-3 m from the trunk of the fruit tree 30 cm. Wide and 15-20 cm. Cut a deep circular ditch and mix the chemical and organic fertilizer well with the soil inside it. Or in the afternoon, as far as the shade of the tree falls, the manure should be sprinkled on the place and the soil should be chopped and mixed well. Usually the mango trees become weak after fruiting. As a result, plants need food. When it starts raining after fertilizing, the tree can take its necessary food from the soil.
Mango orchards should be irrigated regularly. However, if there is juice in the soil, irrigation will not be required. Studies have shown that in a modified basin system, the mango tree is slightly irrigated with a basin-like basin at a distance of one meter around the base of the tree and the area where the shade falls in the afternoon. Another advantage of the basin method is that the roots of the tree are kept clean so that weeds cannot grow.
If the place is covered with water hyacinth after irrigation, the soil will have sap for a month. However, it is better not to irrigate the mango tree a month before flowering. If irrigation is given at this time, new leaves will appear on the tree and the number of buds will decrease and the yield will decrease.
Mango orchards should be irrigated regularly. However, if there is juice in the soil, irrigation will not be required. Studies have shown that in a modified basin system, the mango tree is slightly irrigated with a basin-like basin at a distance of one meter around the base of the tree and the area where the shade falls in the afternoon. Another advantage of the basin method is that the roots of the tree are kept clean so that weeds cannot grow.
If the place is covered with water hyacinth after irrigation, the soil will have sap for a month. However, it is better not to irrigate the mango tree a month before flowering. If irrigation is given at this time, new leaves will appear on the tree and the number of buds will decrease and the yield will decrease.
If there is a shortage of organic matter in the mango orchard, dhancha should be cultivated. Adding organic matter and other fertilizers to the garden will increase the productivity of the soil. 2/3 types of parasites can be seen in mango tree. Larger trees are more prone to parasites than small ones. Parasitic seeds germinate on mango twigs and survive by absorbing essential water, food juices, minerals etc. from the twigs. Parasites have no roots. Creates a kind of root-like hysteria. Takes food from pulses. Parasitic seeds are more widespread during the rainy season.
Infected stalks should be cut along with the roots of parasites. Bordeaux paste should be applied to the cut area to prevent disease. This work has to be done before the flowers and fruits come in the parasite.
It is not good to have 100% buds on mango tree. This disrupts the yield. Therefore, 50% of the buds from around 100% of the buds should be broken before flowering. In this, new kushi will grow on the broken part and next year flowers and mangoes will come at those tips.
If we pay attention to the above issues, we can get good yield of mango every year. Mango growers will benefit.
Mango cultivation in the backyard
Some unscrupulous businessmen are ruining this tradition. Various chemicals such as carbamide, ethyl, ethylene and various types of hormones are being marketed in unripe fruits, which are very harmful to the human body. It can lead to cancer, liver cirrhosis, anorexia nervosa, infertility and other serious diseases. In addition, the number of fruit trees is declining as the land is getting smaller day by day due to population growth.
In order to preserve this traditional fruit of the Bengalis, Professor of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University. MA Rahim is working relentlessly. As part of this, under the Fruit Tree Development Project, high yielding dwarf mango varieties of various improved varieties have been developed in the backyard and commercially cultivable. Also developed two to three times a year, polyambryonic, diabetic mangoes for diabetic patients have developed a variety of mango varieties.
FTIP Bau Mango-1 (Sraboni): Sraboni is a regular fruit bearing Nabi variety of mango. The fruit is medium in size and slightly elongated. The skin color of ripe fruit is dark yellow, the color of the shell is orange red, delicious, juicy and sweet. The shell is slightly thick and the kernels are thin. It is a medium dwarf species. Produceable in all agro ecological zones of Bangladesh. Flowers come in late February and fruits begin to ripen in late July. Well drained fertile loam soil is better.
It takes about five and a half months for the fruit to mature from flowering. Organic and chemical fertilizers should be applied before and after monsoon every year. Regular application of pesticides and fungicides should be done for insects and diseases. Hexagonal planting method is better. 300-350 saplings per hectare can be planted at a planting distance of 5-6 m - 5-6 m. It takes about a year to get the fruits from the planting season. The result is occasional mild anthracnose disease.
FTIP Bau Am-2 (Sinduri): It is a regular fruit bearing and dwarf variety. The fruits are small and round in shape. Mangoes are caught in bunches on the trees. Raw mangoes are greenish in color. When ripe, it turns yellow with vermilion. Juicy and sour-sweet. There is no fiber in the shell. Mango seeds are like thin paper.
That is why this variety is called seedless mango. Produceable in all agro ecological zones of Bangladesh. Fertile loam soil is good for fruit cultivation. However, in the climate of Bangladesh, this fruit can be cultivated in all soils. 300-350 saplings per hectare can be planted at a planting distance of 5-6 m - 5-6 m. Fruits are available from the first year after planting, but in order to build a strong structure of the tree, the buds have to be broken after the first year. These mangoes contain high amounts of vitamin C.
FTIP Bau Am-3 (Diabetic): This variety is available in late June. It takes 5-6 months from flowering to maturity. The size of the fruit is medium and oblong in nature. The average weight of the fruit is 55 grams. The color of ripe fruit is yellowish. As a result, the amount of juice is less but the amount of fiber is more. Patients with diabetes can eat this fruit. It is a regular fruit bearing and dwarf species. The tree mainly bears flowers and fruits twice a year.
The first flowering occurs from mid-January to the first week of February and the second time in May-June. The main production is from the flowers produced in January-February. Mango is best cultivated in well drained fertile loam soils. Cannot tolerate prolonged waterlogging, but must provide irrigation during the dry season. 300-350 saplings can be planted per hectare at a distance of 5-6 meters. It takes about a year to get the fruits from the planting season.
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